The emergence of the heliocentric theory of Nicolaus Copernicus did not shake the biblical idea of the uniqueness of the Earth, because religion does not consider either the size of the Earth or its position in the universe. The Bible tells that the Lord created the earth for man, creating all the necessary conditions for life on it.
Scientists formulated similar conclusions only in the second half of the 20th century. In 1973, the English physicist Brandon Carter at the congress dedicated to the 500th anniversary of Copernicus, put forward the so-called anthropic principle (from the Greek. Anthropos - "man"). Before him, the American astrophysicist Robert Dick came to the same idea.
Anthropic principle states that the universe is surprisingly adapted to the existence of a person in it. The fundamental physical parameters of the Universe are so finely balanced that even small deviations can lead to such a change in the properties of the Universe, in which the emergence of a person in it will be impossible.
And of course, the same can be said about the Earth - it is the ideal cradle of humanity. There is simply an incredible consistency of various parameters, fluctuations of which in one direction or another would destroy intelligent life. It is not surprising that such a picture leads many scientists to the idea of creation and the Creator - God. And also about the uniqueness of intelligent life on Earth. However, judge for yourself.
SOURCE OF LIFE - SUN
The sun is mainly composed of hydrogen atoms (73% of the mass) and helium (25%). In the depths of the sun, thermonuclear reactions of the conversion of hydrogen into helium are taking place. Every second, millions of tons of matter are converted into radiant energy, generating solar radiation and a stream of solar neutrinos.
If the nuclear forces of atoms were only a few percent less, there would be no fuel for solar energy, and therefore life on Earth. And if there were a little more nuclear forces, the Sun would explode. According to the most subtle calculation, the magnitude of nuclear forces is precisely in that narrow range where neither one nor the other catastrophe can occur.
If the forces of gravity changed by 1/1040, then the Sun would not exist.
DISTANCE FROM THE SUN, ATMOSPHERE AND WATER
A change in the distance from the Sun to the Earth by only 2% would make life on our planet impossible. Approaching the Sun will raise its surface temperature above the boiling point of water. Moving away from the Sun will generate a "lethal" excess of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
The Earth's atmosphere is a very fragile system, the balance of which is achieved by the complex interaction of many factors. It is 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen. Even a very small change in this ratio would lead to disaster.
An amazing property of water: when it cools, its density increases only to a temperature of + 4'C, and then decreases again. This means that the heaviest water happens at +4 "C. It sinks to the bottom, and from the colder one forms an ice cover, but on the surface. Freezing will never begin from the bottom, but only from the surface. Otherwise, in reservoirs in winter, from all the water a layer of ice would form, and all living things would perish.
EARTH AXIS AND BIOSPHERE
If the Earth rotated a little more slowly on its axis, then the temperature difference between day and night would become too large. If the Earth rotated faster, then the wind speed would catastrophically increase. A change in the existing tilt of the earth's axis would cause too sharp a difference in surface temperatures.
The Earth's biosphere is somewhere in the middle between instant freezing and evaporation. If the average temperature of the Earth's surface drops even by a few degrees, excessive amounts of snow and ice will form; if it rises by only a few degrees, an excess of water vapor and carbon dioxide will appear in the atmosphere. In either case, human life will become impossible.
MAGNETIC FIELD AND EARTH CRUST, ALBEDO
In a weaker magnetic field, the ozone layer and life on Earth would be poorly protected from harsh stellar and solar radiation; a stronger field would cause catastrophic electromagnetic storms.
If the thickness of the earth's crust were greater, then too much oxygen would pass into the earth's crust from the atmosphere, if less, then life would be impossible due to volcanoes and earthquakes.
Albedo is the ratio of reflected light to the total amount incident on a surface. So, if the albedo was greater than the existing one, then a catastrophic glaciation would occur, and if it was less, the greenhouse effect would develop.
These are only the main parameters of the "finest tuning", but there are several dozen different constants indicating the amazing fitness of the Earth for intelligent life.
