Why Can We Never Go Back In Time?

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Video: Why Can We Never Go Back In Time?

Video: Why Can We Never Go Back In Time?
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Why Can We Never Go Back In Time?
Why Can We Never Go Back In Time?
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Why can we never go back in time? - time travel, time travel, time
Why can we never go back in time? - time travel, time travel, time

According to Albert Einstein, in order to travel into the future, we need to reach the speed of light. In order to travel back in time, we need to exceed the speed of light.

The current time travel record holder is Sergey Krikalev. It flew roughly 337 miles around the earth's orbit at 28 km / h (17.450 mph) - and in fact, for a total of 0.02 seconds into the future. This means that at this moment he takes a step two hundredths of a second earlier than you see how he does it. So a journey into the future is quite possible.

But no one has ever traveled back in time. And no one can, unless we exceed the speed of light, which will be confirmed by the following facts:

9. The loop paradox

The term got its name from Robert Heinlein's short story "On the Heels", in which a lot is built on this very phenomenon.

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Alternate history is one of the most common concepts of time travel, which relies on the ability to change history, by accident or intention, during time travel. The only caveat is the statement that any change made by a time traveler in history is always something that should have happened anyway (see point # 3).

But the point that this statement does not cover is the simple fact that any object that travels in time ages quite normally. Traveling above the speed of light does not mean that a person can remain forever young; he can return to Earth in 10 years, despite the fact that 1000 will pass on it, but he will still be 10 years older, and someday he will die. The same thing happens with inanimate objects. Imagine that you shifted your speech to the Academy Awards, and then climbed into the time machine, and went back 30 minutes, when you still remembered where it was, took it, and went back through the gap in time, and sent it to your performance. Lincoln. But we will return to this in point # 3.

By the way: any object that travels in time is not reflected in history at the time of movement. In 100 million years, a sheet of paper will turn to dust, like the traveler himself. But the show must go on, and Oscar will go to the same person who will accept him without speech, because she no longer exists outside of history in order to return her to him in the future.

Now imagine passing the information itself back into the future. Let's say you invented a time machine and used it to travel back 1000 years. You share your knowledge of time travel with the people of this era, and they begin to use it. After 1000 years, you invent a time machine, go back to the past … and so on. But then we have a problem, since there cannot be more than one source of something, as a result, the invention of time travel will lose its own, and the moment of appearance of this invention is as indefinable as the result of division by zero.

8. The Weak Form Cosmic Censorship Theory

Stephen Hawking has worked with black holes throughout his career, and much of what we know about them is based on his work. The surface of a black hole is an "event horizon", and as soon as an object crosses it and enters the hole, it ceases to exist in our space-time. It will be pulled by incredibly powerful gravity into an infinitely thin beam of energy called a singularity.

In his writings, Hawking presents the theory that only the terrifying energy of black holes can create a singularity. The weak form of cosmic censorship theory states that there is no singularity that is not hidden by a black hole, and that the singularity will never be revealed to human observation. Singularity is the main topic considered by cosmology, since one of the theories about black holes characterizes them as gravitational fields, so strong that they endow all objects entering them with superluminal speed. Singularity is the engine of gravity for black holes.

So if the spacecraft wanted to destroy the light barrier, it would just need to fly through the black hole, and when it flew out from the other side, it would continue to move at the same speed - that is, the spacecraft would be launched at superluminal speed. so that he could return to Earth at some point in the past.

But no object can survive during the black hole singularity. The object can simply be destroyed, obviously violating the law of conservation of mass. This means that until it is proven that the singularity can exist outside the black hole, this method of traveling to the past is impossible.

7. Wormholes Violate the Laws of Physics

All of our ideas about time travel are based on what we know about the physical properties and relationships of the universe. At the same time, we decided that a group of mathematicians, completely far from physics, would describe physical laws at the microscopic level, and we called it quantum physics. This group also put forward a powerful theory about the existence of "Einstein-Rosen bridges", named after two scientists who have made the greatest contribution to our understanding of this topic.

These "bridges" are much more commonly referred to as "wormholes" or "wormholes" because they are like holes dug through space-time. If we could use them, then the nearest path between two points in space-time would not be equal to a straight line, but to zero, which is associated with "piercing" space-time at the point of departure and destination, like punching holes in a piece of paper; then there would be an instant collapse of space-time until the two points reached contact with each other, and then the traveler could move from point A to point B, and space-time would unfold to its original position. This would not require any physical effort, although the destination could be at the other end of the open at that time part of the Universe, and the spacecraft would not come close and exceed the speed of light, it would simply teleport.

It seems that this would make it possible to travel into the past without reaching the speed of light, but at the same time no one takes into account what happens inside the "wormhole" itself. Physicists have no idea about this, and sometimes they recognize the possibility that inside the "hole" the laws of physics do not exist in the form as we know them, or they do not exist there at all. If we try to understand the journey through "wormholes" from the point of view of physics, then we do not even have a starting point for research, and we have not even passed the first stage in this.

6. No Future Tourists

Let's move a little away from mathematics, because the theory, which is firmly adhered to by the bright minds of the mathematical community, including Stephen Hawking, already has its own quite understandable proof that travel above the speed of light is impossible: as far as we know, there are no people from the future among us.

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It was for this purpose that academicians and even ordinary old science fiction lovers created meetings at which they discussed this issue, expecting guests from the future. The idea was that in the future people would know about such meetings in the same way as we now know about the Second World War; for us this is history. So if time travel could ever become a reality, travelers should have returned from the future long ago and proved the possibility of such travel.

However, of course, nothing like this happened, and since we are talking about the whole future from the present moment to the end of time, there must be quite a lot of travelers from very different moments of the future, appearing at very different moments of their past. But there is a funny criticism of this idea, which consists in a fair question: “Why would anyone come back to our time? The trip to September 1, 1939 still makes some sense, but today? If they wanted to warn us about something, what would it be? Would they come back with some ingenious philosophy on how to create world peace?"

Imagine: you can move to any moment in the past, wherever you want. What do you want to see? 90% or more of prospective travelers are likely to want to find out if Jesus Christ really existed. But would you like to return to the present to prevent an imminent war between Israel and Hamas? So far no one has tried.

5. The Gemini paradox

This paradox takes a closer look at future travel. It implies a theoretical story about two newborns, completely identical twins, one of whom remains on Earth, and the other travels to Proxima Centauri, the nearest star, located 4 light years away. If the spacecraft were traveling at 80% the speed of light, which, oddly enough, seems quite realistic, the round trip would be 10 years. This means that the remaining twin on Earth will be 10 years older when his brother returns.

But on the ship, the team observes how Proxima Centauri and the Earth move relative to the spacecraft, and this leads to the fact that the distance from point A to point B is reduced to 2.4 light years, instead of 4. Each segment of the path will take 2, 4 light-years, which, divided by the speed - 80% of the speed of light - would be a flight duration of 3 years, 6 years round trip. Thus, the twin on board will grow 6 years in the same period of time. It doesn't seem logically impossible.

But what looks completely impossible is if one of the twins travels 101% or more of the speed of light. This will force it, at least according to the above scenario, as we understand it, to be transported into the past and cease to exist, i.e. disappear from the ship, and not return to your brother on Earth.

4. E = MC squared

The most famous equation in the history of mathematics describes the equivalence of mass and energy. As notoriously, in 1942 it was used as a brilliant idea for a powerful new weapon. Einstein had no idea that his creation could be used to create a larger and more advanced bomb, and simply cried when Enrico Fermi and Robert Oppenheimer explained what was happening in Oak Ridge, a city in Tennessee.

In addition to explaining how much energy is contained in an object at what mass, the equation also provides an explanation of what happens to mass when it moves faster. The faster a body moves, the more energy is required in order to maintain this movement. If an object reaches the speed of light, it reaches infinite mass, which means it requires infinite energy to continue its motion.

This does not make it impossible to travel to the future, because all the object needs to do this is to reach the speed of light. In fact, you move into the future even when you go to the kitchen to grab a bottle of beer. The distance you get into the future is too small to worry about. But, technically, you're also gaining exactly the same negligible amount of mass. The energy required to move a large object, such as a spaceship, any significant distance into the future, if we adhere to our coordinate system, will be greater than or equal to the energy currently contained in VY Canis Major, the largest star we know of.

But exceeding the speed of light will transport the traveler into the past, and this will require limitless, or even more than limitless, amounts of energy. And this is impossible to achieve.

3. Time Loop

This paradox also addresses one particular scenario: the invention of the first time machine. The inventor goes back in time in an attempt to make his grandparents fall in love, and accidentally kills his grandfather (see # 2). Then, not wanting to disappear from the future, he sleeps with his future grandmother and becomes the father of his father, thus making his existence possible, in order to return to the past in the future, again become the father of his father, and so on.

This paradox is illogical because it describes an effect in the future that occurred before its cause appeared in the past. Imagine that you had to go back in time before the Big Bang, somehow arrange the Big Bang and with the help of this create the Universe. By the rules of fate, this will give you the opportunity to be born in 13.5 billion years to create a time machine and go back in time to create the Universe so that the time machine can be invented. And then this process initially loses its meaning.

2. The Paradox of Time

This paradox is, in fact, negative version number 3, which is also called the "paradox of the murdered grandfather." Traveling to the past will become completely impossible, because it will give you the opportunity to return to the past and kill yourself. But if you die, who will go back in time to kill himself? Critics, and science fiction fans in particular, immediately respond that our understanding of mathematics is evolving every day thanks to people like Newton, Einstein, Hawking and Michio Kaku, and with this comes and develops an understanding of the logic of time travel.

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The best argument against the paradox of time so far is the Multiverse, which is filled with an infinite number of projections of the same person doing an infinite number of things at an infinite number of moments in his life. You can be stabbed in a hundred years in a drunken brawl in another universe, but at the same time you will die of cancer as a child in this one. Our current understanding of quantum mechanics and quantum physics provides many reasons for the existence of the Multiverse.

And that means resolving the temporal paradox and some others, and it will give you a future after you have killed yourself in the past. But there is still no fully formed theory of the existence of the Multiverse, and until its existence is proven, a time paradox takes place.

1. Lack of "Theory of Everything"

To be honest, the previous articles are based more on logic than on pure mathematics, however, we can only build mysteries about everything related to time travel, based on our superficial understanding of this issue. Albert Einstein's entire life was focused on what we now call Relativity. He created two theories about it, but the next step, more important, was to link the general theory of relativity with electromagnetism.

Einstein died without finishing his work on this, and today's "great minds" are also not far from him. The "highest" form of modern mathematics is called "M-theory", which has not yet been fully expounded. It is almost a religion for mathematicians, because it is so incomprehensible and unexplored that some do not even believe in it.

This theory describes 11 dimensions of the universe instead of the usual 4, and leaders in its study expect it to be able to combine the 5 different string theories that preceded it; and think only of what could be the only remaining step before its formation: the unification of physical characteristics and laws of all 4 fundamental interactions of the Universe. "M-theory" seeks points of contact between General Relativity and Quantum Gravity in terms of uniting all 4 interactions.

To do this means to look from a mathematical point of view at how the universe appeared and how it developed, when there was an infinitely small sense of creating all the matter and energy that is contained in it now. Understanding this level of physics will require a mathematical understanding of how to manipulate spacetime and project time into the future and return time to the past.

But until no one unites all 4 interactions into one physical entity, extending to each segment of space-time, we will not be able to achieve "anytime".

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