2024 Author: Adelina Croftoon | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 02:07
Mel Gibson's recent blockbuster "Apocalypse" about the mysterious Mayan civilization has generated an unprecedented interest in its secret knowledge. And, accordingly, to the legendary calendar.
The heat was immediately added by publishers who released several books with frightening titles at once: "2012: The Return of Quetzalcoatl", "Apocalypse 2012: A Scientific Study of the End of Civilization", "The 2012 Revolution: Preparation". People are naturally scared - they are waiting for something terrible. For example, the end of the world, they say, the Maya foresaw it and therefore completed their calendar with a specific date.
In fact, it is not the calendar that ends, but the so-called Great Cycle. Or "Fifth Sun" in Mayan terminology with a duration of 5126 years. The last day of this cycle is December 21, 2012. Then the next one will start. But this also inspires concern.
What scientists predict
According to the calculations of scientists, the "Fifth Sun" began on August 13, 3113 BC. Why exactly then, with what event it was connected, no one knows. Equally, it is not known where the ancient Maya generally got their sophisticated system of reckoning the course of time and dividing it into cycles.
Nevertheless, modern people believe that there was a meaning. And they prophesy with might and main. Cataclysms are predicted that will mark the beginning of the next Great cycle of the Mayan calendar - the "Sixth Age of Creation", or "Sixth Sun".
Joseph LAWRENCE, book "Apocalypse 2012: A Scientific Study of the End of Civilization": "The solar system will die as a result of an" eclipse "in the central part of the Milky Way. Or it will deviate from its axis and start chaotic movement through space. " Book "2012: The Return of Quetzalcoatl": "Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes and huge tidal waves will destroy half of the planet."
Andrew SMITH, The 2012 Revolution: Preparations: Restoring True Balance Between the Divine Feminine and Masculine.
Alexander Filatov, designer of the Federal Nuclear Center, city of Sarov: "A certain planet will pass close to the Earth, which will cause a worldwide flood, pole shift, climate change."
Peter JAMES and Nick TORP, University of California: "Earth will collide with an asteroid."
Astronomers and mathematicians
Valentin ESIPOV, Head of the Department of Radio Astronomy of the Sternberg State Astronomical Institute: “Any calendar has a simple structure: it takes into account the movement of planets around the Sun. And the more accurate the observations of cosmic bodies, the more accurate the chronology.
We now have the most accurate calendar. And the ancient Indian tribes did not know much. In addition, we keep an eye on all comets and asteroids that may fly by us in the next 10 years. And with all responsibility I declare: nothing threatens the Earth”.
Vladimir PAKHOMOV, mathematician, physicist, former researcher at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, author of the book "Message to the Unborn": dates.
They did not leave us a description of their Mayan calendar. That is, maybe there was such a description, but tens of thousands of Mayan handwritten books were burned by Catholic monks. Only stone steles have survived. Therefore, one can only make various assumptions about their calendar system. For example, the myth of the high accuracy of the Mayan calendar is unfounded. When you indicate the accuracy, writing down the number of days in a year with an accuracy of ten decimal places, do not believe it. The calendar is not a chronometer. The smallest value in any calendar is one day. And to measure smaller values of time, watches and stopwatches are used."
The opinions of an astronaut, astrologer and skeptic
Pilot-cosmonaut Georgy GRECHKO: “I think the Mayan calendar ends later: December 23, 2013. After all, the year of reference is still unknown: maybe they started from 0, and not from one. And then, to create a calendar, you need at least a primitive telescope and an accurate clock.
The Maya were a bloody civilization. They ripped out the hearts of living people during the sacrifice, and in a ball game, the captain of the losing team was beheaded in front of the audience. I am amazed at this incompatibility of high intelligence and savagery of morals. Therefore, I do not believe that they could create an accurate calendar. I think aliens gave it to them.
Consider that this is my fantasy, but I think that when the calendar ends in 2012 or 2013, they will come again to either give us a new calendar, or send us another Flood. We, they say, are the 5th civilization, and they destroyed 4 previous ones for bad behavior - some with a flood, others - with sulfur fire from the sky.
And we are now behaving badly: we accumulate weapons, we spoil nature. Even from space, you can see what wounds we have inflicted on the Earth. And the aliens come to us like to a resort. And we - homo sapiens - they "invented" in order to preserve the planet, as a housekeeper must maintain a house until the owners arrive from vacation. They came up with the Stone Age, the Bronze Age and, finally, thought that the golden age was about to come, when they would fly again and give us new knowledge.
But we ruined their "resort". And I think that if we continue to behave badly, the aliens will arrange another disaster for us. I came up with such a horror story so that people become thoughtful, begin to love the Earth and each other, and not accumulate weapons."
Boris PYASIK, astrologer: “December 12, 2012 is a day when the configuration on the firmament is not easy. This is the last day of the lunar month, which is considered "satanic": the conjunction of Jupiter with the Black Moon, the planet of negative karma, occurs, and the intense planetary aspect of Pluto with Uranus is observed.
In addition, all this will take place at a time when Uranus changes the direction of its movement, which is fraught with strong destructive processes. I don’t know if this day will be the “last day of Pompeii,” but, most likely, it will cause a lot of trouble."
Mikhail LEITUS, Chairman of the International Club of Skeptics: “In the 15th century, the menacing thought of the imminent end of the world, which was expected after the 7th thousand years from the creation of the world, gravitated over the minds of Russians. According to the Greek-Russian chronology, 7 thousand years ended just in 1492.
Therefore, the liturgical Paschalia, which indicated the months and dates of the celebration of Easter, was brought only until 1492. When the fateful year passed safely, the Jews began to scoff at the Orthodox: "7 thousand years have ended, and your Paschalia has passed, why does Christ not appear contrary to your expectations?"
At the beginning of the 8th thousand years, in September 1492, the Cathedral met in Moscow and decided to write Paschalia for the 8th thousand years. Now the end of the period can be conventionally considered a hundred years, or a thousand. Both before 1000 and before 2000 there was a mass hysteria associated with the end of the world. But it never came. I think you shouldn't be afraid of 2012 either."
6 naive questions about Maya
1. Where did the name come from? The word "Maya" exists in ancient Indian philosophy - it has 2 meanings: "the source of this world" and "illusory world". How it got from Asia to Central America is unknown. But the Maya appeared there in the 10th century BC and in just 500 years, on the site of an impenetrable rainforest, they created a civilization where astronomy, mathematics, architecture, sculpture, painting were developed. And … mysteriously disappeared. By 830 AD, after 500 years of tireless activity, all of their major centers had been abandoned.
2. What did they discover? The Maya are usually credited with their calendar system. But they also calculated the cycles of eclipses, compiled tables of synchronization of the orbital periods of Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn and the Moon. And for some reason, special attention was paid to the constellations Gemini and Pleiades.
3. How were the days counted? The Mayan calendar was based on the mythical start date - August 13, 3113 BC. From her, by simply counting the number of days that have passed, the chronology was carried out. By the way, we also use the mythical date of the "birth of Christ" for our chronology.
The Mayan calendar, despite its antiquity, is surprisingly accurate. According to modern calculations, the length of the solar year is 365.2422 days. The Maya calculated the value at 365, 2420 days. The difference is only 2 ten thousandths. To compile such an accurate calendar, according to scientists, it would be necessary to observe and record the movements of the planets for about 10 thousand years.
4. How long does the calendar last? The Maya believed that the universe exists in great cycles. But for some reason, several calendar systems were used to count them:
1) 365-day year - haab - consisted of 18 months of 20 days.
2) 360-day year - tun.
3) 260-day year - tsolkin (translated as “counting days”) - consisted of 13 months, 20 days each. It was called the sacred calendar. The week contained 13 days. In addition, there was another 9 day week. The Mayans also came up with names for certain time intervals: uinal - 20 days, tun - 360 days, katun - about 20 years, baktun - about 394 years - thirteen baktuns just end in 2012, pictun - 7885 years, kalabtun - 158,000 years, kinchiltun - 3 million years, alautun - 63 million years. It turns out that the calendar is adapted for measuring gigantic periods of time. As if the Maya were going to live forever …
5. What is a galactic ray? The Maya believed that during the Great Cycle - from 3113 BC to 2012 AD - human history is governed by a galactic ray emanating from the "core of the Galaxy" - the Earth and the Sun pass through it. They are held in accordance with the "galactic seasons", which were described by the Maya in mathematical and symbolic form.
The galactic ray, in Maya terms, is like a lighthouse beam, which expands with distance from the source. Suppose a ray is gliding over a boat sailing far out in the ocean. It will be illuminated for a certain period of time. The same thing happens with the Earth, which crosses the galactic beam. The point of entry of the Earth into the ray corresponds to the "initial date" of the Maya - August 13, 3113 BC. The same date falls on December 21, 2012. Will he enter again?
6. What was before the "Fifth Sun"? The Mayan priests said that since the creation of the human race, 4 cycles, or "the Sun", have already passed. 4 human races have changed, which died during the great cataclysms. And only a few people survived, having told about what happened. The "First Sun" lasted 4008 years and was destroyed by earthquakes. The "Second Sun" lasted 4010 years, it was destroyed by hurricanes. The "Third Sun" lasted 4081 years and fell under the fiery rain from the craters of huge volcanoes. The "Fourth Sun" (5026 years) destroyed the flood.
Now, according to the Mayan calendar, we live in the last katun of the Fifth Age of Creation, or "Fifth Sun". It is also known as the "Sun of Motion". The Maya believed that at the end of the current 5126-year cycle, there would be some movement of the Earth.
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